{"id":148,"date":"2024-12-26T13:13:46","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T13:13:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.universofamilia.com\/?p=148"},"modified":"2024-12-26T13:13:46","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T13:13:46","slug":"el-adviento-de-internet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/blog.universofamilia.com\/cs\/el-adviento-de-internet\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159\u00edchod internetu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Internet zm\u011bnil sv\u011bt. Zd\u00e1 se to b\u00fdt p\u0159ehnan\u00e9, ale ti, kte\u0159\u00ed tuto transformaci za\u017eili, v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee jeho dopad nelze popsat jinak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dnes pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me internet t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ke v\u0161emu: k pr\u00e1ci, z\u00e1bav\u011b, vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a dokonce i k hled\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch recept\u016f na dorty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ale zamysleli jste se n\u011bkdy nad t\u00edm, jak to v\u0161echno za\u010dalo? Kdo s t\u00edm n\u00e1padem p\u0159i\u0161el? Jak vzniklo n\u011bco tak slo\u017eit\u00e9ho? Poj\u010fme se pono\u0159it do tohoto fascinuj\u00edc\u00edho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kdo stvo\u0159il internet?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Internet nebyl d\u00edlem jedin\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka. Byl jako puzzle skl\u00e1dan\u00e9 dohromady v pr\u016fb\u011bhu let. V 60. letech 20. stolet\u00ed v\u011bdci a in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i hledali zp\u016fsoby, jak propojit po\u010d\u00edta\u010de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>My\u0161lenka byla (teoreticky) jednoduch\u00e1: vytvo\u0159it prost\u0159edek, kter\u00fd by strojem umo\u017e\u0148oval rychlou v\u00fdm\u011bnu informac\u00ed bez ohledu na vzd\u00e1lenost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch jmen v tomto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu je Vinton Cerf, \u010dasto naz\u00fdvan\u00fd \u201eotcem internetu\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Spolu s Robertem Kahnem vyvinul protokol TCP\/IP, co\u017e je v podstat\u011b \u201ejazyk\u201c, kter\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010de pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ke komunikaci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159edstavte si dva lidi z r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed vz\u00e1jemn\u011b porozum\u011bt. Bez spole\u010dn\u00e9ho jazyka by to bylo nemo\u017en\u00e9. TCP\/IP tento probl\u00e9m pro stroje vy\u0159e\u0161il.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kdy vznikl internet?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Definovat p\u0159esn\u00e9 datum \u201ezrozen\u00ed\u201c internetu je slo\u017eit\u00e9. Pokud bychom si ale museli vybrat historick\u00fd miln\u00edk, byl by to 29. \u0159\u00edjen 1969.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toho dne byla odesl\u00e1na prvn\u00ed zpr\u00e1va mezi dv\u011bma po\u010d\u00edta\u010di propojen\u00fdmi s\u00edt\u00ed ARPANET, projektem financovan\u00fdm Ministerstvem obrany Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A v\u00edte, co je na tom nejpodivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed? Zpr\u00e1va m\u011bla b\u00fdt \u201eLOGIN\u201c, ale syst\u00e9m se zhroutil a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ela se pouze p\u00edsmena \u201eLO\u201c. Dalo by se \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee internet se zrodil s chybou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V 80. letech 20. stolet\u00ed byl protokol TCP\/IP p\u0159ijat jako standard, co\u017e umo\u017enilo roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b. V roce 1991 Tim Berners-Lee vytvo\u0159il World Wide Web, kter\u00fd zp\u0159\u00edstupnil internet i n\u00e1m, oby\u010dejn\u00fdm smrteln\u00edk\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00edky n\u011bmu m\u00e1me webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky, odkazy a mo\u017enost se pono\u0159it do sledov\u00e1n\u00ed vide\u00ed s ko\u0165aty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdvoj internetu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Od jednoduch\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b k nepostradateln\u00e9mu glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu n\u00e1stroji je v\u00fdvoj internetu p\u016fsobiv\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V ran\u00fdch letech jej pou\u017e\u00edvala p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm arm\u00e1da a v\u011bdci. Byl pomal\u00fd, omezen\u00fd a zdaleka ne u\u017eivatelsky p\u0159\u00edv\u011btiv\u00fd. Ale stejn\u011b jako v\u0161echno s potenci\u00e1lem se i on neust\u00e1le rozv\u00edjel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nakonec se objevila dial-up p\u0159ipojen\u00ed. Kdo si pamatuje ten otravn\u00fd zvuk modemu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>No, ano, v t\u00e9 dob\u011b to bylo kouzeln\u00e9. Pomalu jsme p\u0159e\u0161li na \u0161irokop\u00e1smov\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed, Wi-Fi a dnes \u017eijeme v \u00e9\u0159e optick\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken a 5G.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vznik soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed byl zlomov\u00fdm bodem. Nejd\u0159\u00edve p\u0159i\u0161el Orkut (to jsou ale vzpom\u00ednky!), pak Facebook, Instagram, TikTok a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch. Internet p\u0159estal b\u00fdt jen n\u00e1strojem a stal se sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed toho, k\u00fdm jsme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sd\u00edl\u00edme sv\u00e9 \u017eivoty, u\u010d\u00edme se nov\u00e9 v\u011bci a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b se h\u00e1d\u00e1me s ciz\u00edmi lidmi o politice.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.universofamilia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/154\/2024\/12\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-12-26-10.12.42-A-realistic-and-detailed-image-of-the-early-days-of-the-internet-showcasing-a-vintage-computer-setup-from-the-1960s-or-1970s-with-large-monitors-key-1024x585.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-151\" srcset=\"http:\/\/blog.universofamilia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/154\/2024\/12\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-12-26-10.12.42-A-realistic-and-detailed-image-of-the-early-days-of-the-internet-showcasing-a-vintage-computer-setup-from-the-1960s-or-1970s-with-large-monitors-key-1024x585.webp 1024w, http:\/\/blog.universofamilia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/154\/2024\/12\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-12-26-10.12.42-A-realistic-and-detailed-image-of-the-early-days-of-the-internet-showcasing-a-vintage-computer-setup-from-the-1960s-or-1970s-with-large-monitors-key-300x171.webp 300w, http:\/\/blog.universofamilia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/154\/2024\/12\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-12-26-10.12.42-A-realistic-and-detailed-image-of-the-early-days-of-the-internet-showcasing-a-vintage-computer-setup-from-the-1960s-or-1970s-with-large-monitors-key-768x439.webp 768w, http:\/\/blog.universofamilia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/154\/2024\/12\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-12-26-10.12.42-A-realistic-and-detailed-image-of-the-early-days-of-the-internet-showcasing-a-vintage-computer-setup-from-the-1960s-or-1970s-with-large-monitors-key-1536x878.webp 1536w, http:\/\/blog.universofamilia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/154\/2024\/12\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-12-26-10.12.42-A-realistic-and-detailed-image-of-the-early-days-of-the-internet-showcasing-a-vintage-computer-setup-from-the-1960s-or-1970s-with-large-monitors-key-18x10.webp 18w, http:\/\/blog.universofamilia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/154\/2024\/12\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-12-26-10.12.42-A-realistic-and-detailed-image-of-the-early-days-of-the-internet-showcasing-a-vintage-computer-setup-from-the-1960s-or-1970s-with-large-monitors-key.webp 1792w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">P\u0159\u00edchod internetu<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kter\u00e1 zem\u011b podnikla prvn\u00ed kroky?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty byly v\u00fdchoz\u00edm bodem. Projektem ARPANET polo\u017eily z\u00e1klady toho, co dnes zn\u00e1me jako internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u016fle\u017eitou roli v\u0161ak sehr\u00e1ly i dal\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b. Nap\u0159\u00edklad ve Francii syst\u00e9m Minitel pr\u016fkopn\u00edkem propojoval lidi a nab\u00edzel online slu\u017eby je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed vznikem celosv\u011btov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b World Wide Web.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Internet je dnes skute\u010dn\u011b glob\u00e1ln\u00edm fenom\u00e9nem. Od Asie po Afriku spojuje miliony lid\u00ed a bo\u0159\u00ed kulturn\u00ed a geografick\u00e9 bari\u00e9ry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je v\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed n\u00e1mi dlouh\u00e1 cesta k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed rovn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu pro v\u0161echny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 \u00favahy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Je zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pomyslet na to, jak rychle se internet zm\u011bnil. B\u011bhem pouh\u00fdch n\u011bkolika desetilet\u00ed se z experimentu stal n\u011b\u010d\u00edm nepostradateln\u00fdm. P\u0159edstavte si dnes den bez internetu: zd\u00e1 se to t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nemo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Te\u010f, kdy\u017e v\u00edte n\u011bco v\u00edc o n\u00e1stupu internetu, co takhle sd\u00edlet tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek se sv\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00e1teli?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Koneckonc\u016f, internet nebyl stvo\u0159en jen pro u\u010den\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 pro propojov\u00e1n\u00ed lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A jak si mysl\u00edte, \u017ee se bude internet v nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch letech vyv\u00edjet? Zanechte sv\u016fj n\u00e1zor v koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch. R\u00e1di si ho poslechneme!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o internetov\u00e9m adventu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Kdo je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u201eotce internetu\u201c?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Vinton Cerf je spolu s Robertem Kahnem zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako \u201eotec internetu\u201c. Vyvinuli protokol TCP\/IP, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje efektivn\u00ed komunikaci mezi po\u010d\u00edta\u010di.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Kdy se pova\u017euje za zrod internetu?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Internet dos\u00e1hl sv\u00e9ho prvn\u00edho miln\u00edku 29. \u0159\u00edjna 1969, kdy byla p\u0159es ARPANET odesl\u00e1na prvn\u00ed zpr\u00e1va. A\u010dkoli nebyla dokon\u010dena, tato ud\u00e1lost znamenala za\u010d\u00e1tek technologick\u00e9 revoluce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Co je ARPANET a jak\u00fd byl jeho v\u00fdznam?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>ARPANET byl projekt Ministerstva obrany Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f americk\u00fdch, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem bylo propojit po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a umo\u017enit v\u00fdm\u011bnu informac\u00ed. Je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za p\u0159edch\u016fdce modern\u00edho internetu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Jakou roli sehr\u00e1l Tim Berners-Lee ve v\u00fdvoji internetu?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Tim Berners-Lee vytvo\u0159il World Wide Web v roce 1991. Tento pr\u016flom umo\u017enil vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek, odkaz\u016f a navigace, kterou zn\u00e1me dnes, a zp\u0159\u00edstupnil tak internet v\u0161em.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Kter\u00e9 zem\u011b sehr\u00e1ly d\u016fle\u017eitou roli ve v\u00fdvoji internetu?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty vedly po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj s\u00edt\u011b ARPANET, ale d\u016fle\u017eitou roli sehr\u00e1la i Francie se sv\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem Minitel, kter\u00fd nab\u00edzel online slu\u017eby je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem World Wide Webu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Jak se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu vyv\u00edjela rychlost internetu?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Od pomal\u00e9ho a hlu\u010dn\u00e9ho dial-up p\u0159ipojen\u00ed a\u017e po optick\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna a 5G, internet dramaticky zrychlil, co\u017e usnad\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edstup k dat\u016fm a obsahu v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Jak\u00fd vliv m\u011bly soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b na historii internetu?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00e9dia prom\u011bnila internet z praktick\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroje v soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a kulturn\u00ed platformu, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje navazov\u00e1n\u00ed kontakt\u016f, u\u010den\u00ed a v\u00fdm\u011bnu n\u00e1pad\u016f po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Internet cambi\u00f3 el mundo. Parece una exageraci\u00f3n decirlo, pero quienes vivieron la transici\u00f3n saben que no hay otra forma de describir su impacto. Hoy, usamos internet para casi todo: trabajo, entretenimiento, educaci\u00f3n e incluso para encontrar nuevas recetas de pasteles. Pero \u00bfte has detenido a pensar c\u00f3mo comenz\u00f3 todo esto? \u00bfQui\u00e9n tuvo la idea? \u00bfC\u00f3mo [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":151,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[44,66,91],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>El Adviento de Internet - Blog Universo Fam\u00edlia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El Adviento de Internet. Internet cambi\u00f3 el mundo. 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